3.1 Momahano ea Thepa
Bareki ba kholo ka ho fetisisa ba lihlahisoa tsa motlakase tse nang le matla a tlase ke lifeme tsa lisebelisoa tse felletseng tsa motlakase o tlase.Basebelisi bana ba mahareng ba reka likarolo tsa motlakase tse nang le matla a tlase, ebe ba li kopanya ka har'a lisebelisoa tse felletseng tse nang le matla a tlase joalo ka liphanele tsa kabo ea motlakase, mabokose a kabo ea motlakase, liphanele tsa ts'ireletso le liphanele tsa taolo, ebe ba li rekisetsa basebelisi.Ka nts'etsopele ea kopanyo e otlolohileng ea bahlahisi, bahlahisi ba lipakeng le bahlahisi ba likarolo ba ntse ba tsoela pele ho kopana: bahlahisi ba setso ba hlahisang likarolo feela ba se ba qalile ho hlahisa lisebelisoa tse felletseng, 'me bahlahisi ba mahareng ba setso le bona ba kentse letsoho tlhahisong ea lihlahisoa tse tlase. likarolo tsa motlakase oa motlakase ka ho fumana, likhoebo tse kopanetsoeng, joalo-joalo.
3.2 The Belt and Road Initiative e khothalletsa ho ikopanya ha lichaba tsa lefatše
Moko oa leano la naha ea heso la "Lebanta le le Leng, Tsela e le 'Ngoe" ke ho khothaletsa tlhahiso ea tlhahiso ea China le tlhahiso ea chelete.Ka hona, joalo ka e 'ngoe ea liindasteri tse etelletseng pele naheng ea heso, maano le tšehetso ea lichelete li tla thusa linaha tse haufi le tsela ho potlakisa khaho ea likhoele tsa motlakase, 'me ka nako e ts'oanang li bule mmaraka o pharalletseng bakeng sa thomello ea thepa ea motlakase naheng ea heso.Asia Boroa-bochabela, Asia Bohareng le Boroa, Asia Bophirima, Afrika, Latin America le linaha tse ling li salletse morao kahong ea matla.Ka ntshetsopele ya moruo wa naha le ho phahama ha tshebediso ya motlakase, kaho ya marangrang a motlakase e hloka ho potlakiswa.Ka nako e ts'oanang, nts'etsopele ea likhoebo tsa thepa ea malapeng naheng ea rona e khutlela morao ka theknoloji, e itšetlehile haholo ka thepa e tsoang linaheng tse ling, 'me ha ho na mokhoa oa ho sireletsa sebakeng seo.Ka hona, likhoebo tsa Machaena li tla potlakisa lebelo la ho ikopanya ha lichaba tsa lefatše ka ho nka monyetla ka phello ea spillover ea Belt and Road Initiative.Kamehla mmuso o ntse o khomaretse bohlokoa bo boholo ho thomello ea lisebelisoa tsa motlakase tse nang le matla a tlase, 'me o fane ka ts'ehetso le khothatso ea leano, joalo ka litheolelo tsa lekhetho la kantle ho naha, phomotso ea litokelo tsa ho reka kantle ho naha, joalo-joalo. lihlahisoa tsa motlakase tse tlaase li ntle haholo.
3.3 Phetoho ho tloha khatellong e tlase ho ea bohareng le khatello e phahameng
Ka lilemo tse 5 ho isa ho tse 10, indasteri ea motlakase e nang le matla a tlase e tla hlokomela phetoho ho tloha ho low-voltage ho ea ho medium-high-voltage, lihlahisoa tsa analog ho ea ho lihlahisoa tsa dijithale, thekiso ea lihlahisoa ho phethela lihlopha tsa merero, bohareng ba bohareng ho isa bohareng bo phahameng. - pheletso, le keketseho e kholo ea mahloriso.Ka keketseho ea lisebelisoa tse kholo tsa thepa le ho eketseha ha tšebeliso ea matla, e le ho fokotsa tahlehelo ea mohala, linaha tse ngata li khothalletsa ka matla matla a 660V indastering ea merafo, petroleum, lik'hemik'hale le tse ling.Khomishene ya Matjhaba ya Tekenoloji ya Motlakase hape e kgothalletsa ka matla hore 660V le 1000V e le matla a motlakase a sepheo se akaretsang sa indasteri, mme 660V e se e sebediswa haholo indastering ya merafo ya naha ya heso.Nakong e tlang, lisebelisoa tsa motlakase tse nang le matla a tlase li tla eketsa matla a motlakase, ka hona li nkele sebaka sa pele sa "medium-voltage" ea mantlha.Kopano e neng e tšoaretsoe Mannheim, Jeremane le eona e ile ea lumela ho nyolla boemo ba motlakase o tlase ho 2000V.
3.4 E itšetlehile ka moetsi, e khannoa ke boqapi
Likhamphani tsa lisebelisoa tsa motlakase tsa lehae tse nang le matla a tlase hangata ha li na bokhoni bo lekaneng ba boqapi bo ikemetseng ebile ha li na tlholisano ea maemo a holimo 'marakeng.Nts'etsopele ea lisebelisoa tsa motlakase tse tlase-voltage e lokela ho nahanoa ho tsoa ponong ea nts'etsopele ea sistimi, empa hape le ho tsoa tharollong e akaretsang ea sistimi, le ho tloha tsamaisong ho isa ho phepelo eohle ea matla, ts'ireletso le likarolo tsa taolo, ho tloha ho matla a matla ho isa ho a fokolang a hona joale. rarolloa.Moloko o mocha oa lisebelisoa tsa motlakase tse nang le matla a tlaase a bohlale o na le litšobotsi tse tsotehang tsa ts'ebetso e phahameng, mesebetsi e mengata, boholo bo nyane, ho tšepahala ho phahameng, ho sireletsa tikoloho e tala, ho boloka matla le ho boloka thepa.Har'a bona, moloko o mocha oa li-circuit breakers, li-circuit breakers tse bōpiloeng, le li-circuit breakers tse nang le tšireletso e khethehileng li fana ka motheo oa tsamaiso ea naha ea heso ea ho fana ka matla a fokolang ho finyella ka botlalo (ho kenyeletsoa le tsamaiso ea ho tsamaisa matla a ho qetela) le ho feletseng hona joale. tshireletso e khethehileng, le ho fana ka motheo oa ho ntlafatsa litsamaiso tsa kabo ea matla a tlase.Ho tšepahala ha phepelo ea motlakase ea sistimi ho bohlokoa haholo, 'me e na le tebello e pharalletseng ea nts'etsopele 'marakeng oa bohareng ho isa ho o phahameng [4].Ho phaella moo, moloko o mocha oa li-contactors, moloko o mocha oa ATSE, moloko o mocha oa SPD le merero e meng le tsona li ntse li ntlafatsoa ka mafolofolo, li eketsa matla a ho etella pele indasteri ho ntšetsa pele mekhoa e ikemetseng indastering le ho potlakisa nts'etsopele ea batho ba tlaase. - indasteri ea motlakase ea motlakase.
3.5 Digitization, marang-rang, bohlale, le khokahanyo
Ts'ebeliso ea mahlale a macha e kentse matla a macha molemong oa nts'etsopele ea lihlahisoa tsa motlakase oa motlakase o tlase.Nakong eo ntho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e hokahaneng 'me ntho e' ngoe le e 'ngoe e bohlale, e ka' na ea baka "phetoho" e ncha ea lihlahisoa tsa motlakase tse tlaase.Lisebelisoa tsa motlakase tse nang le matla a tlaase li bapala karolo e kholo phetohong ena, 'me li tla sebetsa e le sehokelo sa lintho tsohle, se kopanyang lihlekehleke tsohle tse ka thōko tsa lintho tsohle le motho e mong le e mong le tikoloho e kopaneng.E le ho hlokomela kamano pakeng tsa lisebelisoa tsa motlakase tse tlaase le marang-rang, merero e meraro e amoheloa ka kakaretso.Ea pele ke ho hlahisa lisebelisoa tse ncha tsa li-interface, tse hokahaneng pakeng tsa marang-rang le likarolo tse tloaelehileng tsa motlakase tse tlaase;ea bobeli ke ho fumana kapa ho eketsa mesebetsi ea khomphutha ea marang-rang ho lihlahisoa tsa setso;ea boraro ke ho ntlafatsa ka ho toba likhokahano tsa likhomphutha le mesebetsi ea puisano ea lisebelisoa tse ncha tsa motlakase.
3.6 Moloko oa bone oa lisebelisoa tsa motlakase tse nang le matla a tlase e tla ba oona o ka sehloohong
Lihlahisoa tsa motlakase tse tlaase tsa moloko oa bone ha li rue feela litšobotsi tsa lihlahisoa tsa moloko oa boraro, empa hape li tebisa litšobotsi tse bohlale.Ho phaella moo, ba boetse ba na le likarolo tse tsotehang tse kang ts'ebetso e phahameng, mesebetsi e mengata, miniaturization, botšepehi bo phahameng, ts'ireletso ea tikoloho e tala, ho boloka matla le ho boloka thepa.Ka sebele lihlahisoa tse ncha li tla khanna le ho etella pele ts'ebeliso le nts'etsopele ea potoloho e ncha ea mahlale le lihlahisoa indastering ea motlakase e nang le matla a tlase, hape e tla potlakisa ntlafatso ea indasteri eohle ea lihlahisoa tsa motlakase tse nang le matla a tlase.Ha e le hantle, tlhōlisano ea 'maraka oa lisebelisoa tsa motlakase o tlaase lapeng le linaheng tse ling e' nile ea e-ba mabifi.Ho elella bofelong ba lilemo tsa bo-1990, nts'etsopele le nts'etsopele ea lihlahisoa tsa motlakase oa motlakase o tlase oa moloko oa boraro naheng ea heso li tsamaellana le ho phethoa le ho khothaletsoa ha lihlahisoa tsa motlakase tse tlase-tlase tsa moloko oa boraro.Schneider, Siemens, ABB, GE, Mitsubishi, Moeller, Fuji le bahlahisi ba bang ba ka sehloohong ba tsoang kantle ho naha ba nang le matla a tlase ba ile ba qala lihlahisoa tsa moloko oa bone ka tatellano.Lihlahisoa li na le lintlafatso tse ncha ho matšoao a felletseng a tekheniki le moruo, sebopeho sa sehlahisoa le khetho ea thepa, le ts'ebeliso ea mahlale a macha.Ka hona, ho potlakisa ho etsa lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele le nts'etsopele ea moloko oa bone oa lisebelisoa tsa motlakase tse nang le matla a tlaase naheng ea heso e tla ba sepheo sa indasteri ka nako e itseng nakong e tlang.
3.7 Mokhoa oa Ntlafatso oa Theknoloji ea Sehlahisoa le Ts'ebetso
Hajoale, lihlahisoa tsa motlakase tse tlase-tlase tsa malapeng li ntse li tsoela pele molemong oa ts'ebetso e phahameng, ts'epahalo e phahameng, miniaturization, digitalization, modularization, motsoako, lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki, bohlale, puisano le kakaretso ea likarolo.Ho na le litheknoloji tse ngata tse ncha tse amang nts'etsopele ea lisebelisoa tsa motlakase tse tlaase, tse kang theknoloji ea morao-rao ea moralo, theknoloji ea microelectronic, theknoloji ea k'homphieutha, theknoloji ea marang-rang, thekenoloji ea puisano, thekenoloji e bohlale, thekenoloji ea botšepehi, theknoloji ea liteko, joalo-joalo. tsepamisa maikutlo ho thekenoloji e ncha ea ts'ireletso ea overcurrent.E tla fetola mohopolo oa khetho ea sekhechana sa motlakase o tlase.Hona joale, le hoja tsamaiso ea naha ea heso ea ho fana ka matla a tlaase le lisebelisoa tsa motlakase tse tlaase li na le tšireletso e khethehileng, tšireletso e khethehileng ha ea phethahala.Moloko o mocha oa li-circuit breakers tse tlaase-voltage li fana ka maikutlo a ts'ireletso e khethehileng ea nako e tletseng le e feletseng.
3.8 Phetoho ea 'maraka
Baetsi ba lisebelisoa tsa motlakase tse nang le matla a tlase ba se nang bokhoni ba ho qapa, theknoloji ea moralo oa lihlahisoa, bokhoni ba ho etsa thepa le lisebelisoa ba tla tobana le ho felisoa ha indasteri e fetoha.Likhoebo tse nang le moloko oa boraro le oa bone oa lihlahisoa tsa motlakase tse nang le matla a tlase a mahareng le a holimo, tse nang le bokhoni ba tsona ba boqapi le lisebelisoa tse tsoetseng pele tsa tlhahiso li tla hlahella le ho feta tlholisanong ea 'maraka.Likhoebo tse ling li tla ikarola ka mekhahlelo e 'meli ea tsebo e nyane le kakaretso e kholo.Ea pele e behiloe boemong ba ho tlatsa 'maraka' me e tla tsoela pele ho kopanya 'maraka oa eona oa lihlahisoa tsa setsebi;ea morao-rao e tla tsoela pele ho atolosa karolo ea eona ea 'maraka, ho ntlafatsa moeli oa lihlahisoa tsa eona, le ho leka ka matla ho fa basebelisi litšebeletso tse pharaletseng haholoanyane.Baetsi ba bang ba tla tsoa indastering ebe ba kena liindasteri tse ling tseo hajoale li nang le phaello e ngata.
3.9 Tataiso ea ntlafatso ea litekanyetso tse tlase tsa lisebelisoa tsa motlakase
Ka ntlafatso ea lihlahisoa tsa motlakase tse nang le matla a tlase, sistimi e tloaelehileng e tla ntlafatsoa butle-butle.Nakong e tlang, nts'etsopele ea lihlahisoa tsa motlakase tse tlaase li tla bonahala haholo-holo lihlahisoa tse bohlale, tse nang le li-interfaces tsa puisano, moralo oa botšepehi, le ho hatisa tšireletso ea tikoloho le ho boloka matla.Tumellanong le mokhoa oa nts'etsopele, litekanyetso tse 'nè tsa tekheniki li hloka ho ithutoa ka potlako: litekanyetso tsa tekheniki tse ka koahelang ts'ebetso e felletseng ea lihlahisoa tsa morao-rao, ho kenyeletsoa ts'ebetso ea tekheniki, ts'ebetso ea ts'ebeliso, le ts'ebetso ea tlhokomelo;puisano ea lihlahisoa le ts'ebetso ea sehlahisoa le litlhoko tsa puisano.Tšebelisano e ntle;ho theha maemo a ts'eptjoang le a mekhoa ea teko bakeng sa lihlahisoa tse amanang le tsona ho ntlafatsa ts'epahalo ea sehlahisoa le boleng ba sehlahisoa, le ho eketsa bokhoni ba ho qothisana lehlokoa le lihlahisoa tsa kantle ho naha;theha letoto la litekanyetso tsa moralo oa tlhokomeliso ea tikoloho le litekanyetso tsa ho sebetsa hantle ha matla bakeng sa lihlahisoa tsa motlakase tse fokolang, ho tataisa le ho Beakanya tlhahiso le tlhahiso ea "lisebelisoa tsa motlakase tse tala" tse bolokang matla le tikoloho [5].
3.10 Phetohelo e Tala
Phetoho e tala ea khabone e tlaase, ho baballa matla, ho boloka thepa le ho sireletsa tikoloho ho bile le phello e kholo lefatšeng.Bothata ba lefats'e ba ts'ireletso ea tikoloho bo emeloang ke phetoho ea boemo ba leholimo bo se bo totobala haholo, 'me theknoloji e tsoetseng pele ea motlakase oa motlakase o tlaase le theknoloji ea ho boloka matla e fetohile moeli le libaka tse chesang tsa tlhōlisano ea theknoloji.Bakeng sa basebelisi ba tloaelehileng, ntle le boleng le theko ea lisebelisoa tsa motlakase tse tlase, ba ntse ba ela hloko haholoanyane ts'ebetso ea ho boloka matla le ts'ireletso ea tikoloho ea lihlahisoa.Ntle le moo, ka molao, mmuso o boetse o entse litlhokahalo bakeng sa ts'ireletso ea tikoloho le ts'ebetso ea ho boloka matla ea lihlahisoa tsa motlakase tse tlase tse sebelisoang ke likhoebo le basebelisi ba meaho ea indasteri.Ke mokhoa o akaretsang oa ho theha lisebelisoa tsa motlakase tse tala le tse bolokang matla tse nang le tlholisano ea mantlha le ho fa bareki litharollo tsa motlakase tse sireletsehileng, tse bohlale le tse tala.Ho fihla ha phetohelo e tala ho tlisa mathata le menyetla ho baetsi ba indasteri ea motlakase e tlaase [5].
Nako ea poso: Apr-01-2022
